Quiz Questions for Chapter 9 Free Essays

Test Questions for Chapter 9 1. A truck was bought for $25,000. It has a six-year life and a $4,000 rescue esteem. We will compose a custom exposition test on Test Questions for Chapter 9 or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Utilizing straight-line devaluation, what is the asset’s conveying esteem (book esteem) following 2 1/2 years? a. $8,750. b. $12,250. c. $14,583. d. $16,250. 2. On January 1, 2003, Superior Landscaping Company paid $17,000 to purchase a stump processor. On the off chance that Superior uses the processor to evacuate 2,500 stumps for every year, it would have an expected helpful existence of 10 years and a rescue estimation of $4,500. The measure of deterioration cost for the year 2003, utilizing units-of-creation devaluation and accepting that 3,500 stumps were evacuated, is a. 2,380. b. $1,750. c. $1,700. d. $1,250. 3. The deal for $2,000 of gear that cost $8,000 and has aggregated devaluation of $6,700 would bring about an a. addition of $2,000. b. addition of $700. c. loss of $700. d. loss of $1,300. 4. Belittling the quantity of huge amounts of a mineral that can be mined over a mineral deposit’s life will bring about a. exaggerated total compensation every year. b. exaggerated absolute resources every year. c. exaggerated consumption cost every year. d. no impact on absolute resources every year. 5. A copyright is gotten for what turns into an effective book. The distributer anticipates that the book should create deals for a long time. The copyright ought to be amortized over a. 2 to 4 years. b. 10 years. c. 40 years. d. the author’s life in addition to 50 years. The accompanying data relates to the following two inquiries. Z Company bought an advantage for $24,000 on January 1, 2004. The benefit was required to have a four-year life and a $4,000 rescue esteem. 6. The measure of devaluation cost for 2006 utilizing twofold declining-equalization would be a. $2,000. b. $3,000. c. $6,000. d. $12,000. 7. Expect that Z Company utilizes straight-line deterioration. On the off chance that on January 1, 2007, Z Company sells the advantage for $10,000, the announcement of incomes would report an a. $1,000 money inflow from gain on the offer of the advantage in the working exercises area. b. $10,000 money inflow from an advantage removal in the contributing exercises segment. c. $9,000 money inflow from an advantage removal in the financing exercises segment. d. an and c. 8. On January 1, 2006, Fulsom Corporation bought a machine for $50,000. Fulsom paid transportation costs of $500 just as establishment expenses of $1,200. Fulsom assessed the machine would have a helpful existence of ten years and an expected rescue estimation of $3,000. On the off chance that Fulsom records devaluation utilizing the straight-line strategy, deterioration cost for 2007 is. a. $4,870. b. $5,170. c. $5,270. d. $5,570. 9. Hickory Ridge Company bought land and a structure for $920,000. The individual resources were assessed at the accompanying business sector esteems: Land $614,400 Building $345,600 Recording the land in the bookkeeping records would a. increment land by $588,800. b. increment land by $614,400. c. increment resources by $920,000. d. Both an and c. 10 Penny Lane and Associates bought a generator on January 1, 2006, for $6,300. The generator was evaluated to have a five-year life and a rescue estimation of $600. Toward the start of 2008, the organization modified the normal existence of the advantage for a long time and changed the rescue an incentive to $300. Utilizing straight-line deterioration, the devaluation cost recorded in 2008 would a. decline resources and value by $1,140. b. decline resources and value by $930. c. decline resources and value by $1,005. d. decline resources and value by $1,500. 11 Which of the accompanying proclamations about generosity is valid? a. The measure of generosity is estimated by taking away the sum paid for resources from their honest assessment on the buy date. b. The measure of generosity is recorded as an advantage. . Recording weakness of altruism decreases the measure of total compensation. d. The entirety of the abovementioned. 12 XYZ Company paid money for a capital consumption that improved the working effectiveness of one of its advantages. Which of the accompanying reflects how this consumption influences the company’s budget summaries? a. b. c. d. 13 Assets = +-+-†n/a Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity n/a n/a †n/a Rev. †n/a n/a n/a n/an Exp. n/a n/a + n/a = Net Inc. n/a n/a †n/a Cash Flow †IA n/a †OA n/a KLM Company encountered a bookkeeping occasion that influenced its fiscal summaries as demonstrated beneath: Assets = †Liab. n/an Equity †Rev. †n/an Exp. + = Net Inc. †Which of the accompanying occasions could have caused these impacts? a. perceiving deterioration. b. paying money for a capital use. c. amortizing a patent. d. nothing from what was just mentioned. Income †OA 14. Which of the accompanying accurately coordinates the kind of long haul resource with the term used to distinguish how that asset’s cost is expensed? Building Oil Reserve Copyright a. Amortization Depreciation Depletion b. Exhaustion Amortization Depletion c. Amortization Depletion Depreciation d. Deterioration Depletion Amortization 15. Which of coming up next is valid? . The book estimation of a benefit is its assessed advertise esteem. b. The main role of recording deterioration cost on the pay explanation is to diminish annual assessment cost. c. Recording devaluation cost diminishes the book estimation of the benefit in the year it was utilized to deliver income. d. The gathered belittling for an advantage gives the money expected to supplant the benefit toward the finish of its valuable life. Test Questions for Chapter 10 The accompanying data relates to the following seven inquiries. On January 1, 2003, XYZ Corporation gave a $5,000 face esteem bond that sold for 90. The bond had a five-year term and paid 10 percent yearly intrigue. The organization utilized the returns from the bond issue to purchase land. The land was rented for $600 of money income every year and was sold toward the finish of the fifth year for $4,200 money. 1. The conveying estimation of the bond risk on January 1, 2003, would be a. $4,600. b. $4,500. c. $5,000. d. $4,000. 2. The measure of intrigue cost provided details regarding the 2003 salary articulation would be a. $450. b. $400. c. $500. d. $600. 3. Intrigue cost wrote about the salary proclamation over the life of the bond would a. ncrease by $100 every year. b. decline by $100 every year. c. be the equivalent every year. d. equivalent the expressed pace of intrigue. 4. The conveying estimation of the bond obligation on December 31, 2007 would be a. $4,500. b. $5,000. c. $4,900. d. $4,600. 5. The offer of the land on December 31, 2007, would a. increment held profit by $300. b. increment value by $4,200. c. decrease n et gain by $300. d. have no impact on held income. 6. The aggregate sum of risk related with the bond issue would a. increment every year because of the amortization of the markdown. b. ecrease every year because of the amortization of the markdown. c. continue as before every year. d. continuously be equivalent to the assumed worth of the bond payable. 7. The measure of the money outpouring for premium cost in 2005 would be a. $600. b. $400. c. $500. d. $ 0. Utilize the accompanying data to address the following three inquiries. On January 1, 2003 , Keynes Company gave a $20,000 face esteem bond that sold for 110. The security had a ten-year term and an expressed yearly loan cost of 8 percent . 8. The conveying estimation of the bond risk on January 1, 2003, would be a. $20,000. . $22,000. c. $21,800. d. $20,200. 9. The measure of intrigue cost gave an account of the company’s 2003 pay proclamation would be a. $1,200. b. $1,400. c. $1,600. d. $1,050. 10. The measure of intri gue cost gave an account of the company’s 2004 salary proclamation would be a. $1,400. b. $1,600. c. $1,800. d. $2,000. 11. On the off chance that a bond sells at a markdown, which of coming up next is valid? a. The market loan cost at the hour of issue is more prominent than the expressed financing cost on the security. b. The market loan fee at the hour of issue is not exactly the expressed financing cost on the security. c. The market financing cost at the hour of issue is equivalent to the expressed loan fee on the security issue. d. The market financing cost is required to increment over the expressed loan fee on the security. 12. On January 1, 2003, Ink, Inc. obtained $100,000 money from the Fidelity Bank on a note that had a 6 percent yearly financing cost and a five-year term. The credit is to be reimbursed in yearly installments of $23,741. 69 on January 1 every year. The measure of the January 1, 2004, installment applied to intrigue and to chief would be a. $6,000/$94,000. b. $17,741. 69/$94,000. c. $4,935. 0/$82,258. 31. d. $6,000/$17,741. 69. 13. Indigo Company can get up to $50,000 on its credit extension at the state bank. The organization consents to pay intrigue month to month at 2 percent above prime. Assets are acquired or reimbursed on the main day of every month. Month Jan. Feb. Walk Amounts Borrowed or (Repaid) $15,000 $ (5,000) $30,000 Prime Rate 6 percent 5 percent 4 percent The mea sure important to be gathered on the March 31 is a. $225. 00. b. $100. 00. c. $133. 33. d. $200. 00. 14. XYZ Company encountered a bookkeeping occasion that influenced its budget reports as showed underneath: Assets = Liab. + Equity n/a Rev. †n/an Exp. n/a = Net Inc. n/a Cash Flow + FA Which of the accompanying occasions could have caused these impacts? a. A bond gave at face esteem. b. A bond gave at a rebate. c. A bond gave including some built-in costs. d. The entirety of the abovementioned. 15. A bond will sell at a higher cost than expected if: a. The market pace of premium is equivalent to the bond’s expressed rate. b. The market pace of premium is more prominent than the bond’s expressed rate. c. The market pace of premium is not exactly the bond’s expressed rate. d. The bond is convertible into basic stock. Test Questions for Chapter 11 1. The ZZ Corporation had the accompanying portions of stock remarkable at December 31, 2003: Common Stock, $50 standard worth, 40,000 offers extraordinary; and Preferred Stock, 6 percent, $100 standard worth, total, 10,0

Privacy vs. Justice essays

Protection versus Equity papers The occasions of September eleventh came as an incredible stun to everybody, spare the fear mongers who were answerable for what happened that morning. In any case, it was a progression of occasions that couldn't be halted a circumstance that abruptly emerged from the fresh, early morning air over New York and everlastingly changed individuals everywhere throughout the world. A considerable number individuals lost relatives, companions, and friends and family that morning notwithstanding, an inquiry significantly more noteworthy than that death toll additionally rose from the occasions of that day over a year prior. As I rearranged through my every day schedule for the rest of that week and heard updates on air terminals continuing traffic under tremendously fixed security, I pondered to myself something then that is still particularly at the forefront of my thoughts today: will the opportunity and decent variety that have made the United States a sparkling light among different nations of the world be put in peril in light of the occasions of September eleventh? There is no contention against the way that the occasions of September eleventh were the most exceedingly terrible maltreatment of American opportunities in the previous hundred years, or throughout the entire existence of the nation. It is consequently that numerous individuals who sit in spots of intensity and control the heading of this nation have and will be inconceivably enticed to confine significant opportunities, for example, the capacities to travel suddenly, keep hidden issues secret, and to talk uninhibitedly and namelessly that we as ordinary Americans have. More noteworthy weight will before long be welcomed on the individuals who create correspondences mediums to incorporate illegal observation gadgets and strategies in interchanges systems and exchange mediums that such things ought not exist over. It is things like this that make me wonder how Americans will respond to the approaches that have and will without a doubt be set up concerning September eleventh, 2001. It is my own dread that the individuals of this nation will be gradually prompted acknowledge strategy that at ... <!

Email Intelligence Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Email Intelligence Analysis - Coursework Example A few articles have been found in the media which clarify the issue of mail over-burdening or garbage messages. The viability of an email message to arrive at anybody at some random period from its focal situation in any advanced firm has prompted extraordinary volumes of messages got by one individual (Li and Fu 2002). Since email is considered as an essential method for correspondence, there are email logs which valuable wellsprings of research in investigation including join and printed examination and long range interpersonal communication (Artz and Gil 2007). Because of the absence of enough and genuine benchmarking, the field investigates are made on orchestrated statistical data points. The dataset is equivalent to the statistical data points gathered for the identification of extortion and to counter the psychological militants. This makes it a successful and proficient instrument or method utilized for halting of psychological warfare and extortion identification (Li and Fu 2002). For one to begin the examination work or undertaking, the individual in question needs to consider the principal elevated level necessities articulations for any email work. Pick or select an email for business items to give correspondence and statistical data points trade. The impacts will be limited what will prompt a practically exact support being accessible and the time considered recovery is diminished to two days for an assault which was intense. The messages from email will be valuable and open to some predetermined staff individuals that are extending from the refined to the credulous individuals (Li and Fu 2002). The initial step is to fundamentally dissect the administrations which are useful to the firm or person. A determination of email items is made to give data, correspondence and trade of the raw numbers One of the prerequisite examination apparatuses for examination is the dataset since it has a ton of uprightness issues. It must be incorporated with the dat abase in order to catalyze the measurable examination of the statistical data points. At the point when somebody is communicated something specific, the best pointer of an activity is the receiver’s relationship with the message and the sender. The answer indicator utilizes the social qualities which rely upon the profile of the client, which is produced from the preparation raw numbers for each client. Each client profile contains an all out number of sent and got messages to each client including the location book. The ease of use prerequisite gives that the picked item is anything but difficult to utilize and that its security system is available to the client however much as could be expected. The operational need where there are framework regulatory calendars that give the ability or probability to deal with a disseminated client network by just moving the clients among servers and copying client profile handled statistical data points over all the servers in the system. So as to isolate the lance phishing sends utilized in modern and major focused on assaults, the email malware assurance framework is utilized to dissect the connections utilizing a signature, a motor that runs essentially which can securely and precisely discover multi day assaults. This reaches out past mark and frameworks dependent on notoriety through the disattaching each connection against a cross network of working frameworks and applications comprising different internet browsers and modules, for example, the adobe perusers and blaze players. The

Women and Plastic Surgery an Example by

Ladies and Plastic Surgery Presentation Need exposition test on Ladies and Plastic Surgery theme? We will compose a custom exposition test explicitly for you Continue Plastic medical procedure relates to the reproduction of a piece of the human body. The general purpose for a plastic surgery includes the reclamation of a territory that has been deformed because of injury or may simply have happened to be brought into the world with such highlights that appear to be unfulfilling to the patient himself. The essential targets of plastic medical procedure are to precisely fix physical imperfections, to reestablish lost capacity of a specific body part and to upgrade a people appearance. Plastic medical procedure is probably the most established type of medical procedure in the clinical field. Reorganization tasks of the nose were first acted in quite a while as ahead of schedule as 2000 BC, wherein a station of potters concocted a strategy for changing the nose into a piece of the temple. Such strategy is as yet utilized in current plastic surgeries. Understudies Often Tell EssayLab support: Is it true that someone will finish my sort paper? Go To The Order Section And Get Ready To Be Wowed Help Write An Essay Online I Need Someone To Write My Essay For Me Pay To Get Essays Written Custom Essay Company There was debate with respect to reconstructive medical procedure during the old Greek and Roman periods. The advancement of basic plastic careful procedures didn't happen until about the sixteenth century, through the endeavors of Italian doctor Gasparo Tagliacozzi. In the twentieth century, the psychotherapeutic hugeness of plastic medical procedure was built up following World War II, wherein war losses of war conveying wounds and consumes found a way to reproduce their deformed or lost parts and these people had the option to get restorative upgrades too. The work of plastic medical procedure during old occasions was then viewed as handy, in contrast to our present society, which sees ladies as amazingly vain in the event that she endeavors to get plastic medical procedure so as to upgrade her highlights. Our present society is impacted by media and a few different variables to show up as great as possible. In any case, it ought to be taken to take note of that a lot of our physical appearance is because of heredity and numerous parts of the manner in which we look are outside our ability to control. Stature, body structure and eye and hair shading are facial highlights that can't, at present, be forever changed. It is sensible to eat a solid eating routine and exercise before experiencing a strategy including plastic medical procedure and all the more significantly, to make our body fit so that the physical highlights as well as a physiologically sound body is accomplished. Individuals worried about keeping up a sound body sensibly follow a battery of activities and a normal eating routine. So as to upgrade their physical appearance, ladies wear satisfying clothing and gems, have their hair styled and shaded a specific way and use beautifying agents. A critical number of ladies experience these exercises for their very own advantage, which is basically founded on what they see when they investigate the mirror. Just a little portion of ladies are happy with their appearance and most ladies would perform preparing exercises to show up additionally satisfying to the eye. Whether or not endeavors to upgrade ones individual highlights are to satisfy individual or some other physiological objective, such beautification endeavors will in general be a people intemperate assignment. Magnificence is intrinsic all through the natural species and is a significant constituent of allure that serves something other than improving an animal types appearance. Noteworthiness of the Project This investigation expects to play out a writing survey of current distributions with respect to plastic medical procedure among ladies so as to exhaustively talk about the significance of plastic medical procedure corresponding to its effect on womens physical appearance. The points of interest and inconveniences of plastic medical procedure dependent on our current societys measures will likewise be introduced. This examination will likewise outline the historical backdrop of plastic medical procedure, including the advancement from old occasions to current surgeries. Writing Review Review led among ladies show that greater part of school level ladies think about plastic medical procedure as a pointless clinical method. Just five percent of understudies in a momentum investigate communicated that they would demand for corrective careful treatment during their lifetime. It is intriguing to realize that the vast majority who have experienced plastic medical procedure are commonly monetarily proficient and were affected to experience plastic medical procedure through the recommendation of their accomplices. Few school level ladies got minor strategies in restorative medical procedure, usually including a little part of their face being nipped, tucked or stripped and many have communicated that they would consider experiencing the method again soon, should the need emerges. Around 30% of ladies partaking in the review have shown that they had experienced tasteful medical procedure at some point inside 1997 to 2003. Such huge increment in the quantity of ladies experiencing plastic medical procedure is generally affected by wellbeing progresses, better open acknowledgment of corrective medical procedure and the forceful media conceivably totally added to that. 40% of ladies communicated that they would think about corrective medical procedure inside the following not many years. Practically 50% of the overview said that they would consider getting plastic medical procedure by middle age, and thirty three percent (33%) revealed that they would think about it regarding it in their 60s. Ladies by and large communicated great remarks than horrible mentalities towards corrective medical procedure (Engler, 2000). Different members of the overview indicated absence important to plastic medical procedure while 43% announced that they have chosen to get plastic medical procedure and 32% couldn't help contradicting the statement that individuals ought to get plastic medical procedure regardless of whether they need to show up great. Around 45% of the members demonstrated acknowledgment of plastic medical procedure, while 28% reprimanded restorative medical procedure on the grounds that the systems keeps an eye on mental change ones individual acknowledgment of ones self. Kramarae (2000) expressed that the larger part ladies would not freely unveiled whether they have experienced any reconstructive medical procedure, for the most part since they feel awkward disclosing such data and would lean toward examining such issues just with their family members and dear companions. Other significant outer factors, for example, media portrayals, adventures in appearances and considerable correlations with other ladies have likewise been resolved to impact womens reactions towards the subject of plastic medical procedure. Ladies effectively put resources into their looks and there are sure ladies who disguise pictures of excellence that have been spread by media, making them progressively helpless to demand for corrective medical procedure. Overview examines show the 14% of ladies see themselves as to experience the ill effects of dimorphic body confusion, which is a mental fixation related to inordinate glancing through the mirror. Such fixation for the most part brings about the perception of the littlest flaws in their looks, causing noteworthy disturbance in their every day working. Those ladies devour a lot of their time stressing over their outside physical appearance, bringing about genuine degrees of tension. These people frequently discover trouble keeping up social connections. Reviews show that an extremely little level of the members experienced dysmorphic body disorder, yet she despite everything experienced corrective medical procedure. Three strategies were performed, including liposuction, stomach fold and bosom decrease. Among the ladies with no body dysmorphic clutter, 29% were stressed that they were not slim enough or that they were excessively heavy. In any case, their weight records (BMIs) indicate d that 77% of these ladies were not stout and 5% were clinically viewed as malnourished. Approach Audit of current writing show that the significant strategy utilized in plastic medical procedure is uniting, which is essentially the transplantation or implantation of live tissues starting with one piece of the body then onto the next or starting with one individual then onto the next. Joining gives that chance to the transplanted tissue to adhere to the new area so as to supplant any distorted or disfigured tissues. In excess of a couple of methods of skin joining are typically utilized. One includes moving of tissues from a neighboring region to the faulty zone by transposition or rotational movement of folds of skin. Another regularly utilized strategy, especially in very minor facial deformities, is full-thickness uniting, which includes the unit of the full profundity of the skin and move as a free transplant to the flawed territory (Sullivan, 2001). A third technique, called split-thickness joining, is utilized particularly for extreme consume casualties who experience the ill effects of huge consumed segments of the body. Using an electrical machine or dermatome, a part of skin at the giver site can be secluded at a precise thickness that will hold enough living dermal cells to join at the consumed spot, while isolating enough cells at the benefactor site for the skin to develop back. The consume casualty's life would then be able to be spared by briefly covering the enduring dermal cells at the consume site, with skin unites from givers who are hereditarily good. These unions can live on for all time. In spite of our interest and interest over magnificence, plastic medical procedure has exis ting outcomes. Research has uncovered that appealing individuals are bound to be fruitful in adequately seeing such change, notwithstanding the standard employments of plastic medical procedure. People with more lucrative occupations by and large got more significant compensations consequently they have more assets to spend for improvement methods, for example, plastic medical procedure. One report in which this event was built up powerfully disclosed

Are Education Systems Modern as Well as Practical Essay

A willing and capable individual who can't get a new line of work is given the title of jobless. /When individual who is eager to accomplish work and furthermore can do so can't get a new line of work, they are given the title of jobless. Readiness to work can occur for various reasons, for example, the craving to escape from neediness or accomplish a better quality of living. The issue comes in with the capacity of that person to win an allowance. With the yearly populace development being 1.8% during the most recent four years, about a million laborers are being added to the workforce consistently. Anyway in spite of such tremendous potential close by, the business rates are making a horrible situation. About 60% of the populace is in the ‘economically productive’ age gathering and with the disturbing reality that the pace of youth joblessness in Pakistan is 8%, higher than the general joblessness pace of 6% this year. Practically 50% of the Pakistani workforce is jobless as per the figures discharged by the Pakistan Economy Watch. The low development in labor efficiency has not coordinated the rising work power and because of the low proficiency rate combined with continuous financial downturn, neediness is continually developing. Since the logical upset and the hours of the Age of Enlightenment, our insight and the manner in which we are instructed has advanced through the progressing logical strategies. In our cutting edge times, universities give us the choice of considering, for instance, applied science or hypothetical science. Our essential instruction segment/According to information from the International Labor Organization, the/Our essential and optional training are to a degree satisfying present day guidelines of training however the issue lies with the Tertiary segment. Joblessness and neediness have influenced our nation as well as the world. The establishment of the eurozone emergency lies with the 11.8% joblessness rate, up from .1% in just a month. Near 19million in the 17-country zone have been influenced. The danger of neediness is continually developing, and has become a worldwide issue. Mindfully executed administration of (social standards and desires ) our rural part can forestall the takeover of remote organizations alongside the loss of employments because of automation. The advanced training as it is observed today comprises of learning through the mechanisms of innovation, that being the computer,projectors and the web. As far as I can tell, the packing of realities and dates and repetition learning doesn't profit our general public, rather a reasonable part of adapting should be educated by the administration and private establishments. As per different records, with half of our populace being ladies, the quantity of young lady taking a crack at center school is disturbing. Science has constantly entranced youngsters, yet with time the inspiration fades away. Perusing a course book most likely giving us the information however at long last we learn, give tests and overlook. A down to earth exhibit then again would empower the youngster to get the thought better, en-establishing the information for all time in their brains. The administration needs to not just spotlight on effectively executing development arranged approaches yet deal with our rural segment.

Friday

Friday (Keep asking questions! Ill answer them next entry.) 9:30 AM: Woke up. Wondered why anyone would ever be awake at this time. Wondered why back hurts. Attempt to go back to sleep. 9:32 AM: Attempt to go back to sleep failed. 9:33 AM: Facebook. 9:43 AM: Facebook apparently not miracle cure for back pain. Decide to go swimming. 9:58 AM: Made it to Z-Center without collapsing from exhaustion, length of walk and/or back pain. Mental note to get those wheelie shoes prepubescent boys wear. 10:00 AM: Stand at pool edge and contemplate reflection in water. Wondered why awake again, since no class until 12. 10:01 AM: Dive in. Am definitely awake. Aah. Freezing. 10:02 AM: Toes? What toes? 10:35 AM: Invigorated. Shower time! Showers at Z-Center much nicer than at Next House. Note to self: work out more often for reward of hot shower. Note to everybody else: go to MIT for reward of hot shower. 10:50 AM: Walk back to Next House. Ran into: Ariadne, Curtis, Phil, Kris, and The Entire Class of 2010 on their way to 3.091, professor of which is reportedly The Man. The class so big that people sit in the aisles.. of 10-250 (note: chairs in 10-250 are actually not that shade of fun purple). 10:58 AM: Return to room. Lose keys. 10:59 AM: Find keys, lose cell phone. 11:00 AM: Find cell phone, lose mind. Wait, no, there it is. 11:10 AM: Leave room for the third walk from Next House of the day, all before classes even start. (To give you an idea of how much pain this is, Next House makes shirts saying Next House: Where the Sidewalk Ends. Yeah, its kinda like that.) 11:35 AM: Arrive at Stata Center. Order a sandwich and raspberry iced tea. 11:40 AM: Walk to first class, Disease and Society in America recitation (starts at 12 PM). Without knowing time, open door to discover teacher is speaking in French. Only phrase known in French is Je suis un anana, so quickly shut door and resolve to check time more often. 11:41 AM: Retreat outside to eat sandwich. 11:42 AM: Life-changing moment. Stata Center cafe has amazing sandwiches. 12:02 PM: Am enjoying sandwich to the extent of being late to class. (It really was an amazing sandwich.) 12:22 PM: Recitation breaks off into groups of five to ponder question, What is Disease? Narrows down to five criteria, including Impairs Your Well-Being, Biological/Chemical/Psychological Causes, and Not By Choice. Brings up interesting points about (but certainly not limited to) obesity, heart disease, anorexia, and excessive sleepiness. 12:23 PM: Group digresses to discuss whether a third nipple is considered a disease or not. 12:24 PM: Group is laughed at by recitation TA. 12:36 PM: Recitation meets all together again to discuss as a whole what really is disease. 12:55 PM: Leave recitation for 10-250. Have decided to go to 5.112, the next level of chemistry, to see if better suited. 12:57 PM: Plans to take it to the next level foiled by professor illness, and ironically, 5.111 professor is lecturing for 5.112. 1:03 PM: Shar, friend in 5.112, leans over to say that their regular professor is not nearly this interesting. Am seriously confused regarding whether or not to switch. 1:04 PM: Lecture about Rutherford (personal favorite guy in chemical history). 1:36 PM: Professor lets class simulate Rutherfords discovery of the atom by hurling ping pong balls at strings of styrofoam balls to see how many backscattered. 1:37 PM: Throw like a girl, miss styrofoam balls entirely. 1:55 PM: Enjoyed lecture but have no idea as to whether or not to add 5.112, seeing as the first half of 5.111 and 5.112 are identical. Stay in 10-250 for 18.02, calculus. 1:56 PM: Remembered laptop is in backpack. 1:57 PM: Facebook. 2:10 PM: 18.02 professor has French accent, bringing back memories of walking into the French class and eating the delicious sandwich. 2:35 PM: Thinking about cross products. And sandwiches. 2:45 PM: Hungry again. Triple products. Matrices. Vectors in 3-space. Reviewed lecture last night before coming to class, thus feeling extra prepared today. Enjoy lecture more than usual and resolve to read the book before for every class. Especially enjoy book since last night, neighbor donated book for free. 2:46 PM: Momentary reveling in feeling $117 richer than everyone else. 2:47 PM: Oh right, calculus. 2:48 PM: Learning more about cross products, and the parallelpiped, which is great fun to attempt to say. 3:00 PM: Trek with Keri to building 26 for 8.01, Physics, which is TEAL, a more high-tech way of learning physics. Havent really decided if its more effective or not, but having fun pressing buttons. 3:30 PM: Professor presses button and turns on a camera that videotapes him writing on the board behind self, putting self on camera. Attempt to enjoy two minutes of fame while hiding the fact that was eating a granola bar in a room with computers. 3:32 PM: Professor moves back to power point. Continue eating granola bar (free from the health fair). 3:34 PM: Learning about estimations in calculations, SI units, basic introductory physics. 3:55 PM: Leave class with Keri and Cristen to get meds and food for ill friend. 4:55 PM: Walking down the Infinite Corridor with said meds and food when run into Nance and Ben Jones. 4:57 PM: Ben Jones: Tell him to stop faking sick so he can get free food and girls waiting on him. Cute! 5:05 PM: Senior Haus. Deliver meds and food. 6:05 PM: Facebook. 7:12 PM: Pritchett Dining, with large widescreen TV. Jeopardy! and dinner. Delicious combination. 8:05 PM: Crazy For You at Kresge Auditorium. 10:00 PM: Leave theater. Attacked by Colin 10, who got a bid from a frat (an invite to join), and is thus literally running around Boston on a scavenger hunt and eating lots of food. Keri and I wish we were boys. 10:39 PM: Return to Next, where roommate is doing p-sets. 10:40 PM: Consider doing psets. 10:41 PM: Facebook.

A Room with a View by E.D. Forster - Free Essay Example

Opening a Window A Room with a View by E.D. Forster explores the struggle between the expectations of a conventional lady of the British upper class and pursuing the heart. Miss Lucy Honeychurch must choose between class concerns and personal desires. Honeychurch is a respectable young lady from a well-known family. She travels with Miss Charlotte Bartlett to Italy at the turn of the century. In Italy they meet Mr. Emerson and George Emerson. George is young man who falls in love with Lucy. Mr. Emerson is an idealist and a dreamer. Only a couple of days after they get to Italy George kisses Lucy while standing in the middle of a waving field of grass. George does this with out her permission or discussion. Even though this surprises Lucy and backs away she still participates in the kiss that tells the readers that there is something in her heart that drives her toward George. George?s function in A Room with a View is clear: he is a source of passion in a society that is tightly sealed with convention, timidity, and dryness. When Lucy comes home to Britain she is proposed to by Cecil. She accepts the offer because she knows that it is the proper thing to do. Cecil is an intelligent, well-respected man but lacks the passion that George penetrates. When Cecil attempts to kiss Lucy it is very different than George. He first of all asks permission, then Cecil timidly moves in to kiss her, and lastly his glasses fall off. This example shows the difference between Cecil and George and how Cecil lacks the aggression and desire that George has. Lucy has to make the decision between the mind and the heart. She is torn between Cecil?s world of books and conformity and George?s world of passion and nature. This decision is not easy for Lucy to make. Lucy came really close to marring the wrong man due to her lack of thought. She has grown up and lived a life of proper existence. However, Lucy possesses passionate qualities they have just been repressed her entire life. Her only emotion outlet is the piano, in which she prefers dramatic pieces by Beethoven. She plays the piano in order to let out her frustrations brought on by her surrounding characters. Lucy is brought up to be proper and not outgoing or passionate. George will eventually show her how to be passionate and open to new ideas. George is a man that breaks the chains of conformity to free Lucy?s spirit and he does this efficiency. George kisses Lucy for the second time and he explains that love exists between them. He tells Lucy that she can not marry Cecil because he does not understand women and will never understand Lucy. George also explains that Cecil only thinks that he loves but in actuality only wants her for an ornament. George, on the other hand, wants her as his partner in the great adventure of life. Lucy has lied to herself and to everyone else around her until she is eventually cornered into tearfully admitting her love for George. A Room with a View is a love story about a young proper women who is engaged to a proper man she does not love, and the frantic efforts a another young man to her see what love is and that she loves him. Lucy struggles between what is expected of her and what she really wants. By the end of the novel, George will have offered Lucy a view out of the window of her life. George will have opened a window for her. British social comedy examines a young heroines struggle against straitlaced Victorian attitudes as she rejects the man her family has encouraged her to marry and chooses, instead, a socially unsuitable fellow she met on holiday in Italy. Classic exploration of passion, human nature and social convention. A Room with a View was published in 1908. It was one of Forsters earliest novels, and it has become one of his most famous and popular. E.M. Forster was twenty-nine at the time of publication; two earlier novels, Where Angels Fear to Tread and The Longest Journey, had been poorly received. A Room with a View was blessed with good reviews, but it would not be until 1910 and the publication of Howards End that Forster would have his first major success. The novel deals with a group of British characters in two major settings: Part One and the final chapter are set in Florence, Italy, and Part Two is set mostly in a quiet part of Surrey, England. Forsters characters, like Forster himself at the time of the novels writing, live in the time of the British Empires zenith. With possessions in every part of the globe, the British Empire was as yet untouched by the difficulties of the two world wars. The monarch of England was also the king of Canada and the emperor of India; English citizens enjoyed the fruits of a system of exploitation and oppression that touched the far corners of the world. The remnants of Victorian sensibilities were still very much alive. Prim and proper Brits worried about refinement, the virtue of young girls, and the control of the passions. But it was also a time of change. Women began to clamor more loudly than ever for equal rights. Socialists were challenging old ideas about class and religion, and artists and thinkers began to challenge Victorian attitudes about emotion and sexuality. A Room with a View was one of those challenges. The story of young Lucy Honeychurchs choice between propriety and love, the novel casts Socialists as heroes and prim spinsters as antagonists. Lucys dramatic choice at the end of the novel is not only a victory for passion, but for womans independence. It was common for British citizens, particularly young men and women, to take the grand tour of Italy. The idea was for educated Brits to expose themselves to the work of Renaissance and Roman artists and architects, but like tourists throughout the ages, many travelers only had a superficial experience of Italy. They stayed with other British travelers, looked down on the Italians, and went to museums and ancient churches with their books of art criticism in hand. Forster criticizes this kind of tourist, but with some gentleness and a good deal of humor. A Room with a View is wonderful social commentary, but it is no acrid satire. The novel prefers to laugh lovingly at its subjects, and in the end the good in people matters much more to Forster than their shortcomings. The novel deals with Lucys growth toward self-awareness; by the end, she has learned the importance of expressing passion honestly. At the time, Forster was at the beginning of his first important relationship. A Room with a View is dedicated to H.O.M., Hugh Meredith, Forsters first love and the model for George Emerson. Throughout the novel, Forster speaks with great insight on the subject of repressed passion and the war between desire and societys conventions. His experiences as a gay man at the beginnings of his first relationship undoubtedly had a great influence on the writing of the novel. His lack of sexual experience also explains some of the novels shortcomings; although he writes beautifully about the beginning stages of the courtship between Lucy and George, in the final chapter he seems less certain, less insightful. Still, the book is an accomplished and beautiful love story, full of cutting but ultimately generous insights. And there are unforgettable moments: the firs t kiss between George is Lucy, passionate and unexpected on a hillside covered with violets, is one of the finest kisses in modern literature. Propriety and Passion: The conflict between social convention and passion is a central theme of the novel. Lucys match with George, by social standards, is completely unacceptable. But it is the only match that could make her happy. Her match with Cecil is far more conventional, but marriage to Cecil would destroy Lucys spirit. The Emersons are truly unconventional people. They care almost nothing for propriety. Mr. Emerson, a Socialist, speaks with great feeling about the importance of passion and the beauty of the human body. The British characters of the novel have very strong ideas about the need to repress passion and control young girls. To achieve happiness, Lucy will have to fight these standards, many of which she has internalized, and learn to appreciate her own desires. The beauty of human beings: A Room with a View is social commentary, but Forsters depictions of people are ultimately generous. He gently mocks the Honeychurches for their bourgeois habits, but he does not shy from depicting their strengths. They are loving and sincere, generous with guests and with each other. Cecils greatest fault is that he is entirely too critical of people. He cannot appreciate the good in the simple country gentry with whom Lucy has grown up. Even Charlotte, the prim spinster who is a major obstacle to the love between Lucy George, is allowed to have a moment of grace. In the end, Forster appreciates his characters goodness much more than he mocks their faults. Travel and the idea of Italy: Travel is a powerful force in the novel, and at its best it can be a life-altering experience. The heart of travel is to allow a place to get under ones skin; staying at British pensions and scorning Italian peasants do not the constitute the best experience one can get out of Italy. Italy gives Lucy insights into her life back at Windy Corner. It changes her perspective of herself. Although her experiences there confuse her, in working through the confusion she becomes a self-assured and independent young woman. The beautiful and the delicate: Lucy asks in the first chapter if beauty and delicacy are really synonyms. One of Lucys important lessons is that beauty need not be refined; much is beautiful in the gesture of kindness that oversteps propriety, or the act of passion that ignores convention. Lucy has to learn to see beauty in things that her society scorns or condemns. Womans position and independence: The Emersons are fervent believers in the equality of men and women. Lucy is not a rebel at heart, but she is often frustrated by the limitation put on her sex. Her marriage to Cecil could never be one between equals. Cecil is not so much in love with Lucy as he is in love with some idea of what a woman is supposed to be. He constantly compares her to a work of art, which, although it may be flattering, also objectifies her and ignores that she is a living person. What Lucy needs, although she does not know it, is a relationship between equals. She has no desire to be protected or instructed. Connection between nature and man: One of Mr. Emersons convictions is that man and nature are inextricable from each other, and only the mistakes of civilization separate man from his natural state. Closely connected to the theme of passion and the body, this theme runs throughout the novel. Forster emphasizes it by having the weather often mirror the thoughts of his characters. He also connects George and Lucy to the land at key points. Passion and the body: If nature and man are inextricable from each other, it follows that there should be no shame for the body or passion. Societys conventions try to hide both. The body must be hidden, a thing of which one should feel ashamed; passions must be controlled and regulated by rules tied to class and gender. Lucy has to overcome these conventions if she is to allow herself to love George. The Medieval/the Renaissance/the Classical: Forster uses time periods to represent characters and their attitudes. Uptight Cecil is always associated with the medieval; George is associated with the myths of the classical world. Italy is the land of both the classical Roman world and the Renaissance, and Forster uses these eras as symbols of beauty and passion. Music: Lucys relationship to her music is an important insight into her character. Her playing is an indication that she has untapped reserves of passion; Mr. Beebe remarks that one day Lucy will live as well as she plays. Lucys music also articulates her feelings better than her words can, and after playing she is more certain of what she wants. The Muddle: Forster constantly uses the word muddle to describe Lucys state of mind. The muddle arises when everything that one has been taught suddenly is thrown into doubt. It is one of the marks of growing up. Lucys muddle is frightening and confusing, but in working through it she will become a stronger and wiser person. Class snobbery: Class snobbery is a constant feature of A Room with a View. The Emersons, because they are not refined, are the most frequent victims of this snobbery. Country gentry look down on those who work hard for a living; Cecil looks down on the suburban ways of country gentry. Lucy has to overcome the class bigotry that she has been taught. Short Summary Lucy Honeychurch, a young English woman, is vacationing with her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, at an Italian pension for British guests. They are vacationing in Italy together, and currently they are in Florence. While bemoaning the poor views outside their windows, Lucy and Charlotte are interrupted by another guest, an old man by the name of Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers them a room swap; he and his son George are both in rooms that offer beautiful views of Florence. Charlotte refuses; for a woman to accept such an offer from a man would make her indebted to him. It would be a serious breach of propriety. But later that evening, after the intercession of another guest, a clergyman named Mr. Beebe, Charlotte accepts the offer. Their stay in Florence continues, and Lucy continues to run into the eccentric Emersons. They are socially unacceptable by the snobbish standards of the other guests, but Lucy likes them. One day, while Lucy is walking alone in Florence, she witnesses a murder. George happens to be there, too, and he catches her when she faints. On the way home, they have a strange, intimate conversation as they walk along the river. But George stirs up feelings in Lucy that she is not ready to face, and she resolves not to see him again. However, later that week, they both end up on a carriage ride into the hills near Florence. The various British travelers disperse and wander around the hills, and Lucy finds herself alone. She stumbles onto an earth terrace covered with violets, and finds herself face-to-face with George. He kisses her, but the kiss is interrupted by Charlotte. The next day, under Charlottes direction, Lucy and Charlotte leave for Rome. Part 2 begins after the passage of several months. We are back at Windy Corner, the Honeychurch home in Surrey, England. In Rome, Lucy spent a good deal of time with a man named Cecil Vyse. The Vyses and the Honeychurches are on friendly terms, but Cecil and Lucy only knew each other superficially before Italy. In Italy, Cecil proposed to Lucy twice. She rejected him both times. As Part 2 begins, Cecil is proposing yet again. This time, she accepts. Now that they are engaged, Cecil and Lucy must spend time with Lucys various neighbors. Cecil, an aristocratic Londoner, despises the ways of the country gentry. He also dislikes Lucys brother, Freddy, and is not overly fond of Lucys mother. But Lucy puts up with it. At Charlottes request, she has never told anyone about her kiss with George. But before too long, the Emersons move into Cissie villa, a home not far from Windy Corner. Lucy is forced to face George Emerson again, but she manages to deal with him at a distance. She continues her engagement to Cecil, even though signs indicate that she is anxious about the marriage on a deep psychological level. To the reader, it is obvious that they are completely unsuitable for each other, but Lucy persists in the engagement. Soon, things come to a head: Charlottes boiler is broken, and she comes to stay as a guest at Windy Corner. And during her stay, Freddy, who has befriended George, invites George to come play tennis. It is all to take place on Sunday, and Lucy is terrified of what might happen. On Sunday, Cecil refuses to play tennis and pesters everyone by reading aloud from a bad British novel. Lucy soon realizes that the novel is written by Miss Lavish, a woman who stayed at their pension in Florence. Cecil reads a particularly humorous passage aloud, but Lucy sees nothing humorous about it: it is a fictional recreation of her kiss with George. The names are different, but the situation is unmistakable. She realizes that Charlotte told Miss Lavish what happened. George is also present for the reading of the passage. On the way back to the house, George catches Lucy alone in the garden and kisses her again. Lucy confronts Charlotte angrily about her indiscretion. She resolves to put George in his place. She has Charlotte sit in the room as support and witness, and she orders George never to return to Windy Corner. George argues with her passionately. He tells her that Cecil is stifling and unsuitable for her; Cecil will never love her enough to want her to be independent. George loves her for who she is. Lucy is shaken by his words, but she stands firm. George leaves, heartbroken. However, later that night, Cecil refuses again to play tennis with Freddy. Something in his refusal makes Lucy see him truthfully for the first time. She breaks off the engagement that very night. But Lucy still cannot admit to anyone, including herself, her feelings for George. Rather than stay at Windy Corner and face George, she resolves to leave for Greece. But one day not long before she is supposed to leave, she goes to church with her mother and Charlotte and meets Mr. Emerson in the ministers study. Mr. Emerson does not know that Lucy has broken off the engagement, but Lucy realizes before long that she cannot lie to the old man. She talks with him, and Mr. Emerson realizes that she has deep feelings for George. He presses the issue, forcing her to confront her own feelings. Finally, she admits that she has been fighting her love for George all along. The novel closes in Florence, where George and Lucy are spending their honeymoon. Not having her mothers consent, Lucy has eloped with George. Things are difficult with her family, but there is hope that it will get better. Whatever happens, George and Lucy have each other, and their life together promises to be full of happiness and love. We open in Florence at the Pension Bertolini, a pension for British travelers. Young Lucy Honeychurch and her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, are bemoaning the poor rooms that they have been given. They were promised rooms with views. The two women sit at dinner in their pension, along with the other guests. Lucy is disappointed because the pension hostess has turned out to be British, and the dÃÆ' ©cor of the pension seems lifted right out of a room in London. While Miss Bartlett and Lucy talk, an old man interrupts them to tell them that his room has a nice view. The man is Mr. Emerson; he introduces his son, George Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers Miss Bartlett and Lucy a room swap. The men will take the rooms over the courtyard, and Lucy and Charlotte will take the more pleasant rooms that have views. Miss Bartlett is horrified by the offer, and refuses to accept; she begins to ignore the Emersons and resolves to switch pensions the next day. Just then, Mr. Beebe, a clergyman that Lucy and Charlotte know from England, enters. Lucy is delighted to meet someone she knows, and she shows it; now that Mr. Beebe is here, they must stay at the Pension Bertolini. Lucy has heard in letters from her mother that Mr. Beebe has just accepted a position at the parish of Summer Street, the parish of which Lucy is a member. Mr. Beebe and Lucy have a pleasant talk over dinner, in which he gives Lucy advice about the sites of Florence. This vacation is Lucys first time in Florence. Soon, almost everyone at the table is giving Lucy and Miss. Bartlett advice. The torrent of advice signifies the acceptance of Lucy and Miss Bartlett into the good graces of the pension guests; Lucy notes that the Emersons are outside of this fold. After the meal, some of the guests move to the drawing room. Miss Bartlett discusses the Emersons with Mr. Beebe; Beebe does not have a very high opinion of Mr. Emerson, but he thinks him harmless, and he believes no harm would have come from Miss Bartlett accepting Mr. Emersons offer. Mr. Emerson is a Socialist, a term that is used by Mr. Beebe and Miss Bartlett with clear disapproval. Miss Bartlett continues to ask Mr. Beebe about what she should have done about the offer, and if she should apologize, until Mr. Beebe becomes annoyed and leaves. An old lady approaches the two women and talks with Miss Bartlett about Mr. Emersons offer. Lucy asks if perhaps there was something beautiful about the offer, even if it was not delicate. Miss Bartlett is puzzled by the question; to her, beauty and delicacy are the same thing. Mr. Beebe returns: he has arranged with Mr. Emerson to have the women take the room. Miss Bartlett is not quite sure what to do, but she accepts. She takes the larger room, which was occupied by George, because she does not want Lucy to be indebted to a young man. She bids Lucy goodnight and inspect her new quarters, and she finds a piece of paper pinned to the washstand that has an enormous note of interrogation scrawled on it. Though she feels threatened by it, she saves it for George between two pieces of blotting paper. Analysis Lucy is young and naÃÆ' ¯ve; she is bright but not brilliant, although she has enough imagination and compassion to begin to look beyond the social conventions of her class and time. Forsters novel is full of insightful social commentary on the stuffiness of British social conventions. Modern readers are often surprised by Miss Bartletts deep anxieties about accepting a room trade with the generous but socially outcast Emersons. Miss Bartlett is acting under social pressures from several different directions. For one thing, Lucys mother has paid for Miss Bartletts travel expenses, and Miss Bartlett therefore feels responsible for guarding Miss Honeychurch from any possible harm. For Miss Bartlett, life is lived in accordance with what are arguably very precious and ridiculous concerns. Nothing is worse than a scene, and she must also guard Lucy from feeling obligation to a young man. Sex is a source of terrible anxiety for the British of this period, and a young womans reputation must be guarded at all costs. Lucy brings up an important theme of the novel when she asks about the delicate and the beautiful. Lucy wonders if delicacy and beauty might be different things, while Charlotte assumes that they are synonymous. As her social world defines beauty and delicacy, the two qualities are one and the same; beauty is found in politeness, in circuitous and subtle conversation, in avoidance of direct confrontation or over-earnest expressions of emotion. There is not beauty, therefore, in Mr. Emersons generous offer of a room trade. But Lucy is more imaginative than her cousin, and she is able to see that there is beauty in Mr. Emersons socially clueless but generous offer. He is completely unaware of the anxiety he is causing Miss Bartlett; either that or his is completely unconcerned about it. The important thing to him is the generosity of his offer. He does not intend to put Lucy or Charlotte under obligation. He sincerely thinks that a room with a view should go to the one who most enjoys the view. Lucy will have to learn to come to her own understanding of beauty. We see more of Lucys sensitivity and naturally sympathetic and sensitive disposition when she realizes that she and Charlotte have been accepted by the other guests of the pension. She sees that Mr. Emerson and George have not been accepted, and this knowledge makes her feel sorry for them. But Lucy is not strong enough yet to affect the world around her. Note that Charlotte handles all the details of the room trade, and Lucy is not yet confident enough to articulate her doubts about the stuffiness and petty concerns of her social world. Italy and travel make another important theme. The heart of this theme is a new places ability to get under the skin of the traveler, transforming her. Though she is not yet fully aware of it, Lucy longs for this kind of experience. She is deeply disappointed by the Pension Bertolini, which to her seems like another piece of England. She wants to go out into Italy and feel it fully, as richly as she can, away from the safety of British dÃÆ' ©cor and sensibilities. The pension is juxtaposed to the world outside; the inside of the pension is decorated like a room in London. British social conventions are preserved and protected from the foreign country that surrounds the pension on all sides. The pension protects the guests from Italy, and so it prevents the transforming experience that is the best result of travel. Italy is also a direct challenge to the idea of beauty and delicacy being identical. Italys beauty is refined and sophisticated, but there is nothing delicate about its colossal Roman ruins, dramatic countryside, or rustic peasants. Lucys longing for a room with a view is a metaphor for her longing to connect with Italy and the new experiences the country offers. Instead of a view of the courtyard, she wants a view of the country. The window opening out into Florence symbolizes Lucys openness to a new world. Chapter Two In Santa Croce with No Baedeker: Summary: Lucy looks out her window onto the beautiful scene of a Florence morning. Miss Bartlett interrupts her reverie and encourages Lucy to begin her day; in the dining room, they argue politely about whether or not Miss Bartlett should accompany Lucy on a bit of sightseeing. Lucy is eager to go but does not wish to tire her cousin, and Miss Bartlett, though tired, does not want Lucy to go alone. A clever lady, whose name is Miss Lavish, intercedes. After some discussion, it is agreed that Miss Lavish and Lucy will go out together to the church of Santa Croce. The two women go out, and have a lively (but not too involved) conversation about politics and people they know in England. Suddenly, they are lost. Lucy tries to consult her Baedeker travel guide, but Miss Lavish will have none of it. She takes the guide book away. In their wanderings, they cross the Square of the Annunziata; the buildings and sculptures are the most beautiful things Lucy has ever seen, but Miss Lavish drags her forward. The women eventually reach Santa Croce, and Miss Lavish spots Mr. Emerson and George. She does not want to run into them, and seems disgusted by the two men. Lucy defends them. As they reach the steps of the church, Miss Lavish sees someone she knows and rushes off. Lucy waits for a while, but then she sees Miss Lavish wander down the street with her friend and Lucy realizes she has been abandoned. Upset, she goes into Santa Croce alone. The church is cold, and without her Baedeker travel guide Lucy feels unable to correctly view the many famous works of art housed there. She sees a child hurt his foot on a tomb sculpture and rushes to help him. She then finds herself side-by-side with Mr. Emerson, who is also helping the child. The childs mother appears and sets the boy on his way. Lucy feels determined to be good to the Emersons despite the disapproval of the other pension guests. But when Mr. Emerson and George invite her to join them in their little tour of the church, she knows that she should be offended by such an invitation. She tries to seem offended, but Mr. Emerson sees immediately that she is trying to behave as she has seen others behave, and tells her so. Strangely, Lucy is not angry about his forwardness but is instead somewhat impressed. She asks to be taken to look at the Giotto frescoes. The trio comes across a tour group, including some tourists from the pension, led by a clergyman named Mr. Eager. Mr. Eager spews commentary on the frescoes, which Mr. Emerson heartily disagrees with; he is skeptical of the praise and romanticizing of the past. The clergyman icily leads the group away. Mr. Emerson, worried that he has offended them, rushes off to apologize. George confides in Lucy that his father always has that effect on people. His earnestness and bluntness are repellent to others. Mr. Emerson returns, having been snubbed. Mr. Emerson and Lucy go off to see other works. Mr. Emerson, sincere and earnest, shares his concerns for his son. George is unhappy. Lucy is not sure how to react to this direct and honest talk; Mr. Emerson asks her to befriend his son. She is close to his age and Mr. Emerson sense much that is good in the girl. He hopes that these two young people can learn from each other. George is deeply saddened by life itself and the transience of human ex istence; this cerebral sorrow all seems very strange to Lucy. George suddenly approaches them, to tell Lucy that Miss Bartlett is here. Lucy realizes that one of the old women in the tour group must have told Charlotte that Lucy was with the Emersons. When she seems distressed, Mr. Emerson expresses sympathy for her. Lucy becomes cold, and she informs him that she has no need for his pity. She goes to join her cousin. Analysis: Although Miss Lavish prides herself on being original and unconventional, Forster subtly shows that her radicalism is polite, precious, and limited. She disapproves of the Emersons just as much as everyone else does, and though she pretends to be worldly and well traveled (she takes away Lucys Baedeker guide), she gets the two women lost. Nor does she understand the value of getting lost: she is so fixated on getting the women to Santa Croce that she rushes past the beautiful Square of the Annunziata without noticing a thing. Her attitude toward the Italians is patronizing in the extreme: she defines democracy as being kind to ones inferiors. Although Forster is writing incisive social commentary on the stuffiness of British society, he uses Miss Lavish as an example of a certain kind of false rebelliousness. She is ultimately as snobby and precious as everyone else, and her brand of radicalism tends to reinforce stuffy conventions rather than challenge them. Lucy is not a brilliant girl, and she lacks the originality and confidence to make her own judgments about art. In Santa Croce, she longs for her Baedeker guide so that she can know good art from bad. She lacks the confidence to just look at the paintings; she wants to know which frescoes have been pronounced by the critics to be truly beautiful. Lucy has some generosity of spirit and often feels uncomfortable with stifling social conventions, but she is not a genius or revolutionary. She is still young and very naÃÆ' ¯ve; by the novels end she will be a much wiser and independent person. Part of Forsters brilliance is his restraint. He resists the temptation to make Lucy into a brilliant firebrand, and instead makes her to be, in many ways, a very typical girl for her class and education. She is often caught between convention and an inner sense of what is beautiful rather than delicate. She is unquestionably drawn to George Emerson. In Santa Croce, she notices that his face is rugged and handsome, and she also notices the strength and physical attractiveness of his body. But his melancholy attitude puzzles her, and his angst seems humorous to her in some ways. Mr. Emerson compares him to the child that stumbled and hurt his toe on a tomb statue of Santa Croce. The tomb becomes a symbol of mortality, and George has stubbed his too; George is upset by mortality and the transience of human existence. Life itself hurts and puzzles him. Mr. Emersons social awkwardness and earnestness combine to make him a very unpopular man. Even Lucy rebuffs him at the end of this chapter, resenting his pity for her. But we can see from his attempted apology to Mr. Eager that he does not mean to offend; in fact, he earnestly desires that everyone should always have a nice time. And his criticism of Mr. Eagers romanticizing of Giottos art and time has its own valid perspective, although Mr. Emerson has difficulty expressing his ideas tactfully. Chapter Three Music, Violets, and the Letter S: Summary: One day after lunch Lucy decides to play the piano. The narrator tells us that Lucy has a great love for playing; she is no genius, but she is talented and passionate, always playing on the side of Victory. Mr. Beebe recalls the first time he heard her play, back in England, at Tunbridge Wells. She chose an unusual and intense piece by Beethoven. At the time, Mr. Beebe remarked to someone that if Lucy ever learned to live as she plays, it would be a great event. Now, Mr. Beebe makes the same remark to Lucy directly. Miss Bartlett and Miss Lavish are out sightseeing, but it is raining hard outside. Lucy asks about Miss Lavishs novel, which is in progress. Lately, Miss Lavish and Miss Bartlett have become close, leaving Lucy feeling like a third wheel. Miss Catharine Alan enters, complimenting Lucys playing. She discusses the impropriety of the Italians with Mr. Beebe, who half-agrees with her in a subtly and playfully mocking way. They discuss Miss Lavish, who once wrote a novel but lost the thing in heavy rains. She is working on a new book, set in modern Italy. Miss Alan talks about Miss Lavish first meeting with the Emersons. Mr. Emerson made a comment about acidity of the stomach, trying to be helpful to another pension guest. Miss Lavish was drawn to his directness. She tried to stand up for the Emersons for a while, talking about commerce and how it is the heart of Englands empire. But after dinner, she went into the smoking room with them. A few minutes later, she emerged, silent. No one knows what happened, but since then, Miss Lavish has made no attempt to be friendly to the men. Lucy asks Miss Alan and Mr. Beebe if the Emersons are nice; after some discussion, Mr. Beebe gives a qualified yes and Miss Alan a no. Mr. Beebe, though he does not say it, does not approve of the Emersons attempts to befriend Lucy. Mr. Beebe feels badly for the Emersons nonetheless; they are thoroughly isolated at the pensio n. He silently resolves to organize a group outing so that everyone will have a good time. Evening comes on and the rain stops. Lucy decides to go out for a walk and enjoy the last bit of daylight. Clearly, Miss Alan disapproves and Mr. Beebe does not approve entirely. But Lucy goes out anyway; Mr. Beebe chalks her behavior up to too much Beethoven. Analysis: Music and Lucys relationship to her music is one of the novels themes. Mr. Beebes comment becomes the readers hope for Lucy: perhaps one day she will play as well as she lives. Forster speaks in this chapters opening pages of musics transcendent abilities. It can be the gift of anyone regardless of social class or education. Through Beebes statement, Forster is suggesting that these qualities also apply to passionate living. To live life well is within the grasp of anyone, despite the prejudices and proprieties of Lucys world. Her choice of unusual Beethoven pieces is indicative of her passion. She needs more of an outlet than music, but for now her music will have to do. Music puts her in touch with her desires and feelings; the passion of Beethoven makes her resolve to go out alone, despite the disapproval of others. Chapter Four: Summary: Lucy goes out longing for adventure, hoping for something great. She buys some photographs of great artworks at a junk shop, but remains unsatisfied. She wanders into the Piazza Signoria; it is nearing twilight, and the world takes on an aura of unreality. Nearby, she sees two Italians arguing. One of them is struck lightly on the chest; he wanders toward Lucy, trying to say something, and blood trickles from his lips. The light strike was actually a stabbing. A crowd surrounds them and carries the man away. She sees George Emerson, and then the world seems to fall on top of Lucy; suddenly, she is with George Emerson, sitting on some steps some distance away. She fainted, and George has carried her here. She thanks George and asks him to fetch her photographs, which she dropped in the square; when he leaves to get them, she tries to sneak away. George calls to her and persuades her to sit down. The man who approached her is dead or dying. A crowd surrounds the man, down by the fountain, and George goes to investigate. George returns, and they talk of the murder. They walk back to the pension along the river, and George suddenly tosses something into the water. Lucy angrily demands to know what he threw away, suspecting that they might be her photographs. After some hesitation, George admits that they were. He threw them away because they were covered with blood. At Georges request, they stop for a moment. He feels something incredible has happened, and he wants to figure it out. Leaning over a parapet, Lucy apologizes for her fainting and asks that he not tell anyone at the pension what happened. She realizes that he is not a chivalrous man, meaning he is a stranger to old-fashioned ideas of courtesy and propriety, but she also realizes that George is intelligent, trustworthy, and kind. She says that events like the murder happen, and that the witnesses go on living life as usual. George replies that he does not go on living life as usual. Now, he will want to live. Analysis: Forster spends the first part of the chapter explaining Lucys character. She is naÃÆ' ¯ve, but she has some strength and passion. She is frustrated by the constraints on her gender, but she is also no firebrand by nature. She feels that she should be ladylike, in the old-fashioned sense of the word, but in practice she wants to be more free and adventurous than that label allows. She feels her emotions most passionately and deeply after she has played piano. Forster often uses the landscape to mirror Lucys mood. After she finished playing the piano, the rain cleared, mirroring Lucys tendency to know her own desires most clearly after playing music. As she wanders into the square, the world seems touched by unreality. She longs for an adventure, and she is conscious of being in a different place and wanting to see something rule. It is twilight, a transitional time between day and night, and Lucy is about to have a very confusing and important experience. She is rescued by George, and she cannot seem to decide what to think about it. For his part, George is as taciturn and strange as ever. Forster lets us into his characters heads, but with George and Mr. Emerson we have only their outward actions and dialogue. Lucys experience is confusing not only because she watches a man die, but also because she is not sure how to deal with George and how he makes her feel. She recognizes that he is not chivalrous or proper, but she sees goodness in him. She stops by the river and feels somehow comfortable with him, but she nervously asks him not to tell anyone that she fainted and he carried her. For George too, the experience is important. For whatever reason, and in ways that Forster will not allow us to see directly, he is changed. He tells Lucy that he will not return to life as he lived it before; now, he wants to live. The experience has made him appreciate life, perhaps in part because he shared something extraordinary with Lucy. Mrs. Honeychurch, Lucy, and Cecil attend a neighborhood garden party. Cecil is disgusted by the experience, appalled by the niceties of country gentry. On the carriage ride home, he shares his feeling with Lucy, spinning out convoluted metaphors about fences between people. He is impressed by his own travel record, and seems to think of himself as some kind of Bohemian dynamo; Lucy is intelligent enough to know that a few quiet months in Rome with ones mother do not a rebel make. He implies that he does not like Mr. Beebe; while on the subject of unlikable clergymen, Lucy vehemently expresses her hatred for Mr. Eager, the chaplain of the British colony in Florence. She talks about how Mr. Eager slandered a certain friend of hers, and when Cecil and Mrs. Honeychurch ask the identity of this friend, Lucy lies. She says the mans name was Harris. Cecil makes naÃÆ' ¯ve comments romanticizing the countryside and its people. The carriage stops at Cissie and Albert, the two estates recently acquired by Sir Harry Otway. Sir Harry has bought the estates in part out of a sense of duty to the community; he wanted to fix the two homes up (both buildings are eyesores) and find desirable tenants. While discussing the problem of tenants, Lucy suggests Miss Teresa and Miss Catherine Alan, the two spinster sisters whom she met at the Pension Bertolini. Mrs. Honeychurch and Cecil object to the idea of having two depressing old maids in the neighborhood, but Lucy stands by them and asks Sir Harry if she can write to them and ask if they are interested. He gives his consent. Cecil wishes to walk back to Windy Corner with Lucy instead of riding the carriage, and Mrs. Honeychurch grants her consent. Cecil complains about Sir Harry; although Lucy sees that there is truth in his criticisms, she wonders if these truths matter so much. Lucy begins to worry that Cecil will harshly judge the people close to her, like her mother and Freddy. Lucy is about to take the road home, but Cecil insists on walking through the woods. He complains that she seems most comfortable with him in a room, and after a moments consideration Lucy realizes that he is right. In the woods, Lucy shows Cecil the Sacred Lake, a little pond where she and Freddy used to bathe. Cecil points out that he has never kissed her, and asks if he can kiss her now. She grants permission, and the kiss is embarrassing and awkward. There is absolutely no spontaneity or natural passion in the kiss. As they continue their walk, Lucy confesses to Cecil that the name of the old man whom Mr. Eager slandered was not Harris, but Emerson. He seems to think it a strange and unimportant comment for her to make, but the narrator tells us that it is the most intimate conversation that they have ever had. Analysis Cecil has contempt for the world in which Lucy grew up. She, too, recognizes that garden parties and Sir Harry are silly, but she sees no reason to condemn them. Since Italy she has been more aware of the provinciality of her life at Windy Corner, but her family and old neighbors are still dear to her. The title of the chapter is Lucy as a Work of Art: Cecils dissatisfaction with Lucys town is a rejection of something that is an important part of her. He wants to remake her into something as urban and critical as himself; he seeks to shape her as he would shape a painting or a sculpture. The theme of women and their independence is here again: in many ways, Cecil sees Lucy as an object that needs to be refined, or a creature that needs to be trained. He constantly compares her in his mind to a woman painted by Leonardo DaVinci: mysterious, beautiful, the embodiment of a certain mystique. While Cecils view of Lucy might be flattering, it is naÃÆ' ¯ve and fails to treat her as a living person. He is more in love with the idea of Lucy than he is with the person. Lucys lie about Mr. Emerson shows that she is very guarded about her experience with George. The need to lie about a name shows her awareness that something about her experience in Florence needs to be concealed. The memories are uncomfortable, just as Georges company was uncomfortable, because she cannot reconcile the honesty and intensity of her interactions with George to the dull and conventional suitor she is now engaged. Cecil is completely unaware of what is going on: when Lucy tells him Mr. Emersons real name, she is letting him see a vital part of her life. But Cecil has no way of knowing this, and Lucy is too afraid of her own feelings to pursue the topic. Chapter Ten Cecil as a Humourist: Summary: The narrator explains Lucys family history. Her father was a successful solicitor, and he built Windy Corner before the neighborhood had really been built up. When rich people from London began moving into the neighborhood, they mistook the Honeychurches for an old aristocratic family with a long history in the area. Without explicitly lying, Mrs. Honeychurch took advantage of their mistake to procure good society for her children; by the time the new neighbors learned the truth about the Honeychurches, they liked them enough so that it did not matter. Lucy has learned to see her old neighbors in a new light since her return from Italy, but although she recognizes that her old neighbors are provincial and silly, she does not want to despise them. Cecil cannot abide the social situation, and seeks to introduce Lucy into high levels of London society. Freddy, Lucy, and Minnie Beebe (Mr. Beebes niece) are playing bumble-puppy, a silly game played with tennis balls. Mrs. Honeychurch and Mr. Beebe are enjoying the fine weather, and Cecil is indoors. Lucy, Mrs. Honeychurch, and Mr. Beebe discuss the imminent arrival of the Miss Alans to Cissie villa. Freddy chimes in that the Miss Alans arent going to be occupying Cissie at all. He has just spoken to Sir Harry, who told him that he has procured different tenants for the house: some people called the Emersons. Lucy is not sure if they are the same Emersons, but the possibility throws her into a daze. Freddy mentions that Cecil arranged the whole thing. Mr. Beebe and Lucy discuss the possibility that these Emersons might be the same ones from Florence; Mr. Beebe mentions that Mr. Emerson was rumored to have murdered his wife. Mrs. Honeychurch remembers that Lucy told her about another friend, a man named Harris, who supposedly killed his wife. Lucy is mortified at having told a lie with out ever correcting it, but the subject is fortunately dropped. Lucy rushes in to confront Cecil: he has arranged this whole thing as a joke on her. Lucy went to a great deal of trouble to arrange an agreement between the Miss Alans and Sir Harry, and now she will be seen by the Miss Alans as having let them down. Cecils joke goes further: he met the Emersons at the National Gallery in London, and saw that they were exactly the kind of undesirable person feared by the snobbish Sir Harry. He did the whole thing as a joke. From Cecils description, it becomes clear that these Emersons are indeed Mr. Emerson and George. Analysis: We see the separation of Cecil from Lucys family and Lucy from everyone else. Cecil stays inside rather than join the other outdoors. Forster slips in that they would not be playing bumble-puppy if Cecil were around. His snobbery makes it difficult for the Honeychurches to act naturally; he rejects many of the things that bring pleasure to Lucys family. Lucys isolation is different and more profound. Confronted with her earlier lie, she has no one to be her confidante. More prone to see the faults of her neighbors since her return from Italy, she is also unable to join with Cecil in despising them. Cecil seeks to introduce her to what he views as more suitable circles, but the narrator explains to us that this move will not work. Forster writes, Nor did he [Cecil] realize a more important pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹that if she was too great for this society, she was too great for all society, and had reached the stage where personal intercourse would alone satisfy her (108). Lucy has moved beyond superficial interaction with society; she longs for something deeper. Cecil will not be able to provide it. The great irony is that Cecil, in attempting to play a cruel joke, brings George back into Lucys life. If Lucy is to break away from Cecil and, paraphrasing Mr. Beebe, learn to live as beautifully as she plays, she must confront George Emerson again. Being forced to deal with George will remind her of the feelings she has tried to suppress since she returned from Italy. Lucy has not yet realized that Cecil is unsuitable for her needs, and she reacts to the news of Georges imminent arrival with a confusing mix of intense and contrary emotions. Here again is the muddle; it will take George to help Lucy work through this confusion. Chapter Eleven In Mrs. Vyses Well-Appointed Flat: Summary: Lucy is in London visiting with Cecils mother when the Emersons move into Cissie Villa. She has convinced herself that the Emersons arrival does not matter in the least. Things have been quite cold between Lucy and Charlotte since Italy; Charlotte sends a letter telling her that she has heard about the arrival of the Emersons at Cissie. She gives Lucy much unsolicited advice, instructing Lucy to tell her family about the incident in Italy and to stay away from George. Lucy sends Charlotte a polite but frigid response telling her that Lucy intends to follow none of Charlottes advice. Lucy is quite impressed by the cynicism of Cecils aristocratic friends. Lucy dines with the almost-famous: In spite of the season, Mrs. Vyse managed to scrape together a dinner-party consisting entirely of the grandchildren of famous people (118). She plays piano for them, starting with some Schumann. Cecil calls for some Beethoven, but Lucy tries to play another Shumann piece. She falters and stops playing. After the guests leave, Mrs. Vyse chats with Cecil. She is a woman who is weary without knowing it; the pace and intensity of life in London has robbed her of real vitality. Mrs. Vyse adores Lucy, and she tells her son to make Lucy one of us (119). Cecil is clearly enamored with Lucy. Later that night, Mrs. Vyse is woken by a scream from Lucys room. When she goes to investigate, she learns that Lucy has been having bad dreams. She comforts Lucy, telling the girl that Cecil adores her more than ever. Mrs. Vyse returns to bed; Cecil has slept through the whole incident. Analysis: It is natural for Lucy to be somewhat awed by the London friends of the Vyses. She thinks that she should try to be more like the Vyses to please them, and that to marry Cecil she will have to leave behind anything in her that is of Windy Corner. At this point, Lucy thinks that this kind of self-transformation is necessary and beneficial. But something about this environment stifles her passion. We return to the theme of music, and its power to express passion and transcend social barriers. But Lucy cannot play a truly passionate piece for Cecils friends. She opts for Shumann, and when Cecil calls for Beethoven Lucy tries to play Shumann again. Remember that Beethoven was established earlier in the novel as a symbol for passion and victory. She falters horribly during the second piece; Lucys music is a symbol of her vitality and passion, and in the Vyses home her music fails her. The faltering functions as both symbol and psychological insight. Forster is showing us that Lucy will ha ve to give up much of the good in her if she marries Cecil. The reader cannot help but feel menaced by Mrs. Vyses well-intentioned but ominous advice to Cecil: Make Lucy one of us. What is at stake is Lucys individuality. Already, the Vyses are planning to remake her to be acceptable to their social world. Forster criticizes this world gleefully: the image of Lucy dining with the grandchildren of famous people, all full of cynicism and pretentious wit, balances some of the darkness of this chapter with humor. Forster refers to the guests throughout the chapter as the grandchildren, demoting these adults to perpetual childhood. Forsters social commentary is most cutting when it is funny, and A Room with a View is a consistently funny book. On a psychological level, we see that some part of Lucy understands what she will lose. Her music fails her, and later that night Lucy has a terrible nightmare. There is a moment of irony when Mrs. Vyse tries to comfort Lucy by assuring her that Cecil admires her. The reader knows, as some part of Lucy does, that Cecil is the source of Lucys anxieties. Visiting with Cecil and realizing what kind of world she will live in if she marries him terrifies Lucy. Typically for her character, she cannot articulate or name the source of her own fears, which must then express themselves as nightmares. Chapter Twelve: Summary: Mr. Beebe and Freddy go to see the Emersons, who have just moved in. The house is in a state of disarray, and the visitors have to squeeze past a wardrobe to get inside. Georges voice answers Mr. Beebes greeting, but he does not come down for a while, and Mr. Beebe and Freddy have a chance to look at Georges books. There are a good number of texts in German; the book collection reveals an extremely educated reader with eclectic tastes. When George finally comes down, Mr. Beebe introduces George to Freddy and Freddy immediately asks if George wants to go for a swim. Mr. Beebe laughs at the forward greeting, and jokes that as women cannot greet each other in such a manner, they cannot be equal to men. Mr. Emerson, now coming down the stairs, promises that they will be. He explains to Mr. Beebe that humans, to progress, will have to rid themselves of shame for their bodies. Freddy, George, and Mr. Beebe go to swim. On the way to the pond, Mr. Beebe and George talk about the strangeness of the Emersons having ended up in the same town as Mr. Beebe and the Honeychurches. Mr. Beebe talks of an idea from his youth, a History of Coincidence, which he never got around to writing. George believes that he has ended up in Surrey because of Fate. Mr. Beebe argues with him, saying that they all met in Italy, and the Emersons ended up in Surrey because they met Cecil in the National Gallerys rooms of Italian art: it is not Fate, but an interest in Italy that has brought them back together. George insists that it was Fate, and he tells Mr. Beebe to call it Italy if it makes him feel better. Freddy strips and hops into the water enthusiastically. George disrobes and gets in, but with a much more apathetic attitude. Mr. Beebe stays on shore, clothed. George begins to loosen up, and Mr. Beebe, after making sure no one is around, strips down and gets in the pond. George warms up considerably, until all three of them are playing in and out of the water. Time passes pleasurably, until Lucy, Mrs. Honeychurch, and Cecil come along the path. Freddy and George, racing about naked on the banks, nearly run headlong into the three interlopers. The two naked men both run away and take cover. Cecil feels the need to protect the women; Mrs. Honeychurch is shocked; Lucy says very little but hides her face behind her parasol. They continue on, leaving the naked men behind. As they are leaving, George, half-dressed but still bare-chested, calls out amiably to Lucy. She tries to ignore him, but he calls out to her again. At Mrs. Honeychurchs request, Lucy turns and bows. Analysis: In the scene at the Emersons new home, we learn more about the intellectual and political inclinations of the Emersons. George is extremely well educated, fluent enough in German to read Nietzsche and Shopenhauer in the original. Mr. Emerson is keenly interested in politics. He talks about the liberation of women, which he sees as inextricable from the liberation of man. He imagines that the Garden of Eden lies not in the past but in the future, and it will come when women and men both rid themselves of shame for their bodies. His point ties together themes about propriety, gender, and passion. For Mr. Emerson, the primness of English society is an enemy of progress. The many British anxieties about the human body are an obstacle of love, affection, and the progress of womens rights. His comments remind the reader of the comments he made on the carriage ride in Italy, when he defended the driver and the girl. Mr. Emerson values happiness and passion, and from his perspective any forc e that stands in the way of these things is wrong. The talk about fate, coincidence, and Italy brings together other important themes. Although Forster never makes any strong pronouncements about fate, part of A Room with a View is the fact that unlikely coincidence happen, often with life-changing results. George is now back in Lucys life because of a series of coincidences. Although Forster does not say emphatically whether Mr. Beebe or George is in the right, one must at least admit that coincidences are a part of life. It is now up to the books characters to make the best of the coincidence that has brought them back together. The scene at the pond ties in with Mr. Emersons point. Even the normally dour George is invigorated by the experience of swimming and playing nude. Forster lovingly describes the beautiful landscape surrounding the pond. We return to the theme of connection between the land/nature and man. Stripping symbolizes the removal of the inhibitions imposed by civilization; in the next chapter, Forster refers to the swim as the rout of a civilization (130). Just as the land is beautiful and without concern for propriety, so too can man be. Here, just as in the violets scene, George becomes part of the land. The beautiful weather and landscape reflect the happiness and vitality he feels. When uptight Cecil and the two ladies come up the path, the imposition of Cecils viewpoint and the womens prudishness is not enough to dispel what the men have gained. Freddy and George take cover so as to maintain some level of propriety, but Freddy is apologetic without being regretful and half-dressed Georg e calls out to Lucy. For this scene, Forster does not go inside Lucys head at all; the effect is that the reader, who usually knows everything that Lucy is thinking, suddenly has no idea about how Lucy feels when she sees George nude. Although Lucy shows the outward signs of being offended, we still are cut off from her thoughts. Her emotions on seeing George again (naked, no less) are probably more complicated than prudish shock.